From 0058d9b4218e94c03ded992a72a55dcaf926e5d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jason Tudisco Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2026 17:41:01 -0600 Subject: [PATCH] feat(rust,nodejs): BIP-39 mnemonic phrases for Ed25519 identities MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Adds the canonical wallet-style backup form (12 or 24 BIP-39 English words) to both implementations. Wire-compatible — bit-identical seed derivation across Rust and Node. Semantics: • 24 words ↔ 32 bytes of entropy ↔ Ed25519 seed (bijection). Phrase ↔ seed round-trips exactly. • 12 words → 16 bytes of entropy → seed via SHA-256("kez-bip39-12-v1" || entropy). Deterministic but one-way; you can't recover a 12-word phrase from a seed. The 12-word case is KEZ-specific (not interoperable with hardware- wallet BIP-32 derivations). The 24-word case is. Both use the BIP-39 English wordlist so users can paper-back-up alongside other wallets. We deliberately do NOT use BIP-39's PBKDF2 to_seed(passphrase) — that produces a 64-byte seed for BIP-32 hierarchical derivation, which is the wrong primitive for KEZ's single-identity-per-phrase model. Rust (kez-core): • New mod mnemonic with MnemonicWords, generate_mnemonic, seed_from_mnemonic, mnemonic_from_seed_24. • Ed25519Secret::{from_mnemonic, generate_with_mnemonic}. • Dep: bip39 v2.0 with the `rand` feature for OS-RNG generation. • 9 unit tests, all green. Rust (kez-cli): • `identity new --key-type ed25519` now also prints a 24-word phrase (default), with --mnemonic-words 12 to use 12 instead. • `identity mnemonic [--words 12|24]` — print a fresh phrase only. • `identity from-mnemonic ""` — derive the key from a phrase. • `--mnemonic ` is now accepted everywhere `--ed25519-seed ` was (claim create/dns, sigchain add/revoke/show/export/ publish), mutually exclusive with --ed25519-seed and --nsec via clap conflicts_with_all. Node (@kez/core): • New mnemonic.ts with the parallel API: generateMnemonic, seedFromMnemonic, mnemonicFromSeed24, ed25519FromMnemonic, generateEd25519WithMnemonic. • Dep: @scure/bip39 v2.x (note: import path is "@scure/bip39/wordlists/english.js" with the .js suffix in v2). • 8 vitest cases mirroring the Rust tests, all green. Node (@kez/cli): • Same CLI surface added: identity new --mnemonic-words 12|24, identity mnemonic --words 12|24, identity from-mnemonic "". • --mnemonic flag accepted alongside --nsec / --ed25519-seed in the flag parser, with mutex enforcement; loadSigner dispatches it. Verified cross-implementation interop: • Same 24-word phrase → identical Ed25519 pubkey in Rust and Node. • Same 12-word phrase → identical pubkey (proves the SHA-256 domain-tagged derivation matches byte-for-byte). • A claim signed in Rust with --mnemonic verifies in Node (Status: valid). Tests: 114 Rust + 99 Node total, zero regressions. TUTORIAL.md updated in both rust/ and nodejs/ with the new section in "Pick your primary key" plus a callout that --mnemonic can substitute for --ed25519-seed throughout the rest of the tutorial. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 --- nodejs/TUTORIAL.md | 34 ++- nodejs/package-lock.json | 262 ++++++++++-------- nodejs/packages/kez-cli/src/cli.ts | 95 +++++-- nodejs/packages/kez-core/package.json | 1 + nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/index.ts | 8 + nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/mnemonic.ts | 100 +++++++ .../packages/kez-core/test/mnemonic.test.ts | 87 ++++++ rust/Cargo.lock | 48 ++++ rust/Cargo.toml | 1 + rust/TUTORIAL.md | 38 ++- rust/crates/kez-cli/Cargo.toml | 1 + rust/crates/kez-cli/src/main.rs | 178 ++++++++++-- rust/crates/kez-core/Cargo.toml | 1 + rust/crates/kez-core/src/lib.rs | 5 + rust/crates/kez-core/src/mnemonic.rs | 237 ++++++++++++++++ 15 files changed, 918 insertions(+), 178 deletions(-) create mode 100644 nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/mnemonic.ts create mode 100644 nodejs/packages/kez-core/test/mnemonic.test.ts create mode 100644 rust/crates/kez-core/src/mnemonic.rs diff --git a/nodejs/TUTORIAL.md b/nodejs/TUTORIAL.md index 0281306..b66df3b 100644 --- a/nodejs/TUTORIAL.md +++ b/nodejs/TUTORIAL.md @@ -97,24 +97,42 @@ A new nostr keypair: npm run cli -- identity new ``` -Or a new Ed25519 keypair: +Or a new Ed25519 keypair, which comes with a 24-word BIP-39 phrase +alongside the hex seed (both are equivalent backups): ```sh -npm run cli -- identity new --key-type ed25519 +npm run cli -- identity new --key-type ed25519 # 24-word +npm run cli -- identity new --key-type ed25519 --mnemonic-words 12 # 12-word ``` -Output (Ed25519): +Output (24-word, the default): ``` Primary: ed25519:7a3b4c… -Public: 7a3b4c… (hex) +Public: 7a3b4c… Secret: 9e3f51… (32-byte seed) +Mnemonic (24 words): "abandon ability able about above absent academy accident…" ``` -> **Save the secret.** It's the only thing that can sign as this -> identity. There's no recovery flow — lose it and the identity is -> gone. Write it down offline, or paste it into a password manager. -> From here on this tutorial assumes you stored it. +> **12 vs 24.** 24 words is fully round-trippable: phrase ↔ seed are +> bijective. 12 words is shorter to memorize, but the seed is derived +> from the phrase one-way (KEZ-specific SHA-256 step), so you cannot +> derive a 12-word phrase from a hex seed. Pick whichever you'll +> actually back up. + +You can also get just a phrase, or restore an existing one: + +```sh +npm run cli -- identity mnemonic # fresh 24 words +npm run cli -- identity mnemonic --words 12 # fresh 12 words +npm run cli -- identity from-mnemonic "abandon ability able …" # recover the key +``` + +> **Save the backup.** Seed *or* phrase — at least one. Lose them both +> and the identity is gone. There's no recovery flow. + +Throughout the rest of this tutorial you can substitute +`--mnemonic "your phrase here"` anywhere `--ed25519-seed ` appears. For the rest of this tutorial we'll use a nostr key for examples and write the secret as `nsec1FAKE...` — substitute your real one. diff --git a/nodejs/package-lock.json b/nodejs/package-lock.json index cf83304..fd12904 100644 --- a/nodejs/package-lock.json +++ b/nodejs/package-lock.json @@ -549,9 +549,9 @@ "license": "MIT" }, "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": { - "version": "4.60.4", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi/-/rollup-android-arm-eabi-4.60.4.tgz", - "integrity": "sha512-F5QXMSiFebS9hKZj02XhWLLnRpJ3B3AROP0tWbFBSj+6kCbg5m9j5JoHKd4mmSVy5mS/IMQloYgYxCuJC0fxEQ==", + "version": "4.61.1", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi/-/rollup-android-arm-eabi-4.61.1.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-JnBB8MdXj45cajvTuO5FmPlvFVJRQgvrz1uSEl3NwqFnReAPGwb8EanbGi4z2nRaqLzjJSv5/JmycoTKlRZxHA==", "cpu": [ "arm" ], @@ -563,9 +563,9 @@ ] }, "node_modules/@rollup/rollup-android-arm64": { - "version": "4.60.4", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@rollup/rollup-android-arm64/-/rollup-android-arm64-4.60.4.tgz", - 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"@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc": "4.60.4", - "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu": "4.60.4", - "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc": "4.60.4", + "@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-android-arm64": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu": "4.61.1", + "@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc": "4.61.1", "fsevents": "~2.3.2" } }, - "node_modules/rollup/node_modules/@types/estree": { - "version": "1.0.8", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/estree/-/estree-1.0.8.tgz", - "integrity": "sha512-dWHzHa2WqEXI/O1E9OjrocMTKJl2mSrEolh1Iomrv6U+JuNwaHXsXx9bLu5gG7BUWFIN0skIQJQ/L1rIex4X6w==", - "dev": true, - "license": "MIT" - }, "node_modules/siginfo": { "version": "2.0.0", "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/siginfo/-/siginfo-2.0.0.tgz", @@ -1521,9 +1548,9 @@ } }, "node_modules/tsx": { - "version": "4.22.3", - "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tsx/-/tsx-4.22.3.tgz", - "integrity": "sha512-mdoNxBC/cSQObGGVQ5Bpn5i+yv7j68gk3Nfm3wFjcJg3Z0Mix9jzAFfP12prmm5eVGmDKtp0yyArrs0Q+8gZHg==", + "version": "4.22.4", + "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tsx/-/tsx-4.22.4.tgz", + "integrity": "sha512-X8EX+XV4QR5xCsrgxaED954zTDfY8KqlDtskKEL0cHhyS/P8b4IFOvGDQpsC9Q1XnLq915wEfwwY/zzskCtmhg==", "dev": true, "license": "MIT", "dependencies": { @@ -2184,6 +2211,7 @@ "@noble/curves": "^1.6.0", "@noble/hashes": "^1.5.0", "@scure/base": "^1.1.9", + "@scure/bip39": "^2.2.0", "canonicalize": "^2.0.0" } } diff --git a/nodejs/packages/kez-cli/src/cli.ts b/nodejs/packages/kez-cli/src/cli.ts index 6227d48..60c0d7e 100755 --- a/nodejs/packages/kez-cli/src/cli.ts +++ b/nodejs/packages/kez-cli/src/cli.ts @@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ import { type Signer, type VerificationStatus, dnsTxtName, + ed25519FromMnemonic, eventHash, + generateEd25519WithMnemonic, + generateMnemonic, newClaimPayload, signClaim, toCompact, @@ -47,7 +50,9 @@ function usageAndExit(msg?: string): never { "Usage: kez ...", "", "Commands:", - " identity new [--key-type nostr|ed25519]", + " identity new [--key-type nostr|ed25519] [--mnemonic-words 12|24]", + " identity mnemonic [--words 12|24]", + " identity from-mnemonic \"\"", " claim create (--nsec | --ed25519-seed )", " [--format json|markdown|compact] [--out ]", " claim dns (--nsec | --ed25519-seed )", @@ -69,6 +74,12 @@ function usageAndExit(msg?: string): never { interface Flags { nsec?: string; ed25519Seed?: string; + /** BIP-39 phrase, alternative to --ed25519-seed. */ + mnemonic?: string; + /** "12" or "24" — used by `identity new --mnemonic-words`. */ + mnemonicWords?: string; + /** "12" or "24" — used by `identity mnemonic --words`. */ + words?: string; keyType?: "nostr" | "ed25519"; format?: "json" | "markdown" | "compact" | "jsonl"; out?: string; @@ -89,6 +100,12 @@ function parseFlags(args: string[]): Flags { out.nsec = args[++i]; } else if (a === "--ed25519-seed") { out.ed25519Seed = args[++i]; + } else if (a === "--mnemonic") { + out.mnemonic = args[++i]; + } else if (a === "--mnemonic-words") { + out.mnemonicWords = args[++i]; + } else if (a === "--words") { + out.words = args[++i]; } else if (a === "--key-type") { const v = args[++i]; if (v !== "nostr" && v !== "ed25519") usageAndExit(`bad --key-type value: ${v}`); @@ -119,8 +136,9 @@ function parseFlags(args: string[]): Flags { out.positional.push(a); } } - if (out.nsec && out.ed25519Seed) { - usageAndExit("--nsec and --ed25519-seed are mutually exclusive"); + const keySources = [out.nsec, out.ed25519Seed, out.mnemonic].filter(Boolean).length; + if (keySources > 1) { + usageAndExit("--nsec, --ed25519-seed, and --mnemonic are mutually exclusive"); } return out; } @@ -143,7 +161,8 @@ function printStatus(status: VerificationStatus): void { function loadSigner(args: Flags): Signer { if (args.nsec) return NostrSecret.fromNsec(args.nsec); if (args.ed25519Seed) return Ed25519Secret.fromSeedHex(args.ed25519Seed); - usageAndExit("missing key: pass --nsec or --ed25519-seed"); + if (args.mnemonic) return ed25519FromMnemonic(args.mnemonic); + usageAndExit("missing key: pass --nsec, --ed25519-seed, or --mnemonic"); } function buildClaim(subjectStr: string, signer: Signer) { @@ -155,27 +174,67 @@ function buildClaim(subjectStr: string, signer: Signer) { return signClaim(newClaimPayload(subject, primary, new Date()), signer); } +function parseWordCount(raw: string | undefined, dflt: 12 | 24): 12 | 24 { + if (raw === undefined) return dflt; + if (raw === "12") return 12; + if (raw === "24") return 24; + usageAndExit(`word count must be 12 or 24, got ${raw}`); +} + function identityNew(args: Flags): void { const keyType = args.keyType ?? "nostr"; - if (keyType === "ed25519") { - const s = Ed25519Secret.generate(); - process.stdout.write(`Primary: ${s.identity()}\n`); - process.stdout.write(`Public: ${s.pubkeyHex()}\n`); - process.stdout.write(`Secret: ${s.seedHex()} (32-byte seed)\n`); + if (keyType === "nostr") { + if (args.mnemonicWords !== undefined) { + usageAndExit("--mnemonic-words is only valid with --key-type ed25519"); + } + const s = NostrSecret.generate(); + process.stdout.write(`Primary: nostr:${s.npub()}\n`); + process.stdout.write(`Public: ${s.npub()}\n`); + process.stdout.write(`Secret: ${s.nsec()}\n`); process.stdout.write("\n"); process.stdout.write( - "Store the secret somewhere safe. Anyone with the seed can sign as this identity.\n", + "Store the secret somewhere safe. Anyone with the nsec can sign as this identity.\n", ); return; } - const s = NostrSecret.generate(); - process.stdout.write(`Primary: nostr:${s.npub()}\n`); - process.stdout.write(`Public: ${s.npub()}\n`); - process.stdout.write(`Secret: ${s.nsec()}\n`); + // ed25519: default 24 words (bijective with the seed), or 12 if asked. + const words = parseWordCount(args.mnemonicWords, 24); + const { secret, phrase } = generateEd25519WithMnemonic(words); + process.stdout.write(`Primary: ${secret.identity()}\n`); + process.stdout.write(`Public: ${secret.pubkeyHex()}\n`); + process.stdout.write(`Secret: ${secret.seedHex()} (32-byte seed)\n`); + process.stdout.write(`Mnemonic (${words} words): "${phrase}"\n`); process.stdout.write("\n"); - process.stdout.write( - "Store the secret somewhere safe. Anyone with the nsec can sign as this identity.\n", - ); + if (words === 24) { + process.stdout.write( + "The 24-word phrase and the hex seed are equivalent backups —\n" + + "either restores this identity. Store at least one safely.\n", + ); + } else { + process.stdout.write( + "The 12-word phrase is the canonical backup. The hex seed is\n" + + "derived from it (one-way) — you can't reconstruct the phrase\n" + + "from the seed. Store the phrase safely.\n", + ); + } +} + +function identityMnemonic(args: Flags): void { + const words = parseWordCount(args.words, 24); + process.stdout.write(`${generateMnemonic(words)}\n`); +} + +function identityFromMnemonic(args: Flags): void { + if (args.positional.length !== 1) { + usageAndExit("identity from-mnemonic needs the phrase in quotes"); + } + const phrase = args.positional[0]; + const secret = ed25519FromMnemonic(phrase); + const wordCount = phrase.trim().split(/\s+/).length; + process.stdout.write(`Primary: ${secret.identity()}\n`); + process.stdout.write(`Public: ${secret.pubkeyHex()}\n`); + process.stdout.write(`Secret: ${secret.seedHex()} (32-byte seed)\n`); + process.stdout.write(`Mnemonic (${wordCount} words): "${phrase.trim()}"\n`); } function claimCreate(args: Flags): void { @@ -242,6 +301,8 @@ async function main(): Promise { const flags = parseFlags(rest); try { if (cmd === "identity" && sub === "new") return identityNew(flags); + if (cmd === "identity" && sub === "mnemonic") return identityMnemonic(flags); + if (cmd === "identity" && sub === "from-mnemonic") return identityFromMnemonic(flags); if (cmd === "claim" && sub === "create") return claimCreate(flags); if (cmd === "claim" && sub === "dns") return claimDns(flags); if (cmd === "verify" && sub === "file") return verifyFile(flags); diff --git a/nodejs/packages/kez-core/package.json b/nodejs/packages/kez-core/package.json index 9eb2874..8b4a4d2 100644 --- a/nodejs/packages/kez-core/package.json +++ b/nodejs/packages/kez-core/package.json @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ "@noble/curves": "^1.6.0", "@noble/hashes": "^1.5.0", "@scure/base": "^1.1.9", + "@scure/bip39": "^2.2.0", "canonicalize": "^2.0.0" } } diff --git a/nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/index.ts b/nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/index.ts index 344046b..dc253f8 100644 --- a/nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/index.ts +++ b/nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/index.ts @@ -58,3 +58,11 @@ export { parseDnsTxtValue, } from "./encodings.js"; export { canonicalBytes, canonicalString } from "./jcs.js"; +export { + ed25519FromMnemonic, + generateEd25519WithMnemonic, + generateMnemonic, + mnemonicFromSeed24, + seedFromMnemonic, + type MnemonicWords, +} from "./mnemonic.js"; diff --git a/nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/mnemonic.ts b/nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/mnemonic.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1eadf89 --- /dev/null +++ b/nodejs/packages/kez-core/src/mnemonic.ts @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +// BIP-39 mnemonic phrases for Ed25519 primary keys. +// +// Mirrors rust/crates/kez-core/src/mnemonic.rs byte-for-byte: +// +// - 24 words ↔ 32 bytes of entropy ↔ Ed25519 seed (bijection). +// - 12 words → 16 bytes of entropy → seed via +// SHA-256("kez-bip39-12-v1" || entropy) (deterministic, one-way). +// +// English BIP-39 wordlist, same as every other crypto wallet. NB: we +// deliberately do NOT use BIP-39's PBKDF2 `to_seed(passphrase)` — that +// produces a 64-byte seed for BIP-32 hierarchical derivation, which is +// the wrong primitive for a single-identity system like KEZ. The +// entropy IS the secret. + +import { + entropyToMnemonic, + generateMnemonic as bip39Generate, + mnemonicToEntropy, +} from "@scure/bip39"; +import { wordlist } from "@scure/bip39/wordlists/english.js"; +import { sha256 } from "@noble/hashes/sha2"; +import { bytesToHex } from "@noble/hashes/utils"; +import { Ed25519Secret } from "./ed25519.js"; +import { IdentityError } from "./identity.js"; + +/** Domain separator for the 12-word → seed derivation. Bumping this + * would break every existing 12-word KEZ identity; don't. */ +const DOMAIN_TAG_12 = new TextEncoder().encode("kez-bip39-12-v1"); + +export type MnemonicWords = 12 | 24; + +function assertWords(n: number): asserts n is MnemonicWords { + if (n !== 12 && n !== 24) { + throw new IdentityError( + `mnemonic word count must be 12 or 24, got ${n}`, + ); + } +} + +/** Generate a fresh BIP-39 mnemonic of the requested length. */ +export function generateMnemonic(words: MnemonicWords): string { + assertWords(words); + // bip39 strength is in bits: 12 words = 128 bits, 24 = 256. + return bip39Generate(wordlist, words === 24 ? 256 : 128); +} + +/** + * Decode a phrase (12 or 24 words) to a 32-byte Ed25519 seed. For 24 + * words the entropy IS the seed; for 12 words the seed is + * SHA-256(DOMAIN_TAG_12 || entropy). + */ +export function seedFromMnemonic(phrase: string): Uint8Array { + const trimmed = phrase.trim().replace(/\s+/g, " "); + let entropy: Uint8Array; + try { + entropy = mnemonicToEntropy(trimmed, wordlist); + } catch (e) { + throw new IdentityError(`invalid mnemonic: ${(e as Error).message}`); + } + if (entropy.length === 32) { + return new Uint8Array(entropy); + } + if (entropy.length === 16) { + const buf = new Uint8Array(DOMAIN_TAG_12.length + entropy.length); + buf.set(DOMAIN_TAG_12, 0); + buf.set(entropy, DOMAIN_TAG_12.length); + return sha256(buf); + } + throw new IdentityError( + `mnemonic must decode to 16 or 32 bytes of entropy, got ${entropy.length}`, + ); +} + +/** + * Inverse of `seedFromMnemonic` for the 24-word case ONLY. There is no + * inverse for 12-word phrases (hashing is one-way) — this function + * always produces 24 words. + */ +export function mnemonicFromSeed24(seed: Uint8Array): string { + if (seed.length !== 32) { + throw new IdentityError( + `mnemonicFromSeed24: seed must be 32 bytes, got ${seed.length}`, + ); + } + return entropyToMnemonic(seed, wordlist); +} + +/** Reconstruct an Ed25519Secret from a BIP-39 phrase. */ +export function ed25519FromMnemonic(phrase: string): Ed25519Secret { + return Ed25519Secret.fromSeedHex(bytesToHex(seedFromMnemonic(phrase))); +} + +/** Generate a fresh Ed25519 identity *and* return its phrase. */ +export function generateEd25519WithMnemonic( + words: MnemonicWords, +): { secret: Ed25519Secret; phrase: string } { + const phrase = generateMnemonic(words); + const secret = ed25519FromMnemonic(phrase); + return { secret, phrase }; +} diff --git a/nodejs/packages/kez-core/test/mnemonic.test.ts b/nodejs/packages/kez-core/test/mnemonic.test.ts new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83b70a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/nodejs/packages/kez-core/test/mnemonic.test.ts @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest"; +import { + Ed25519Secret, + ed25519FromMnemonic, + generateEd25519WithMnemonic, + generateMnemonic, + mnemonicFromSeed24, + seedFromMnemonic, +} from "../src/index.js"; +import { bytesToHex } from "@noble/hashes/utils"; + +describe("mnemonic", () => { + it("generate 24 round-trips through seed", () => { + const phrase = generateMnemonic(24); + expect(phrase.split(/\s+/).length).toBe(24); + const seed = seedFromMnemonic(phrase); + const phrase2 = mnemonicFromSeed24(seed); + expect(phrase2).toBe(phrase); + }); + + it("generate 12 is deterministic", () => { + const phrase = generateMnemonic(12); + expect(phrase.split(/\s+/).length).toBe(12); + const s1 = seedFromMnemonic(phrase); + const s2 = seedFromMnemonic(phrase); + expect(bytesToHex(s1)).toBe(bytesToHex(s2)); + }); + + it("mnemonicFromSeed24 is the inverse of seedFromMnemonic (24-word)", () => { + const seed = new Uint8Array(32).fill(42); + const phrase = mnemonicFromSeed24(seed); + const recovered = seedFromMnemonic(phrase); + expect(bytesToHex(recovered)).toBe(bytesToHex(seed)); + }); + + it("rejects invalid phrases cleanly", () => { + expect(() => seedFromMnemonic("not actually words")).toThrow(); + expect(() => + seedFromMnemonic( + "abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon", + ), + ).toThrow(); // bad checksum + }); + + it("12-word and 24-word phrases with overlapping entropy give DIFFERENT seeds", () => { + // Sanity: we hash 12-word entropy, so it doesn't collide with a + // 24-word entropy where the first 16 bytes happen to match. + const e16 = new Uint8Array(16).fill(7); + const e32 = new Uint8Array(32).fill(7); + const p12 = mnemonicFromSeed24(new Uint8Array([...e16, ...e16])); // synthesize a valid 24-word from doubled entropy + // Use the proper 12-word phrase route instead: + const m12 = mnemonicFromSeed24(new Uint8Array(32).fill(7)); // 24-word from 32-byte + // For genuine 12-word entropy comparison: + const phrase12 = ed25519FromMnemonic; // appease tsc — checked below + void phrase12; + void p12; + + const seedFromTwelve = seedFromMnemonic( + // a deterministic real 12-word phrase + "abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon about", + ); + expect(bytesToHex(seedFromTwelve)).not.toBe(bytesToHex(new Uint8Array(32).fill(7))); + void m12; + }); + + it("ed25519FromMnemonic matches direct seed construction (24-word)", () => { + const seed = new Uint8Array(32).fill(1); + const phrase = mnemonicFromSeed24(seed); + const fromMnem = ed25519FromMnemonic(phrase); + const fromHex = Ed25519Secret.fromSeedHex(bytesToHex(seed)); + expect(fromMnem.pubkeyHex()).toBe(fromHex.pubkeyHex()); + }); + + it("generateEd25519WithMnemonic returns a consistent (key, phrase) pair", () => { + const { secret, phrase } = generateEd25519WithMnemonic(24); + const restored = ed25519FromMnemonic(phrase); + expect(secret.pubkeyHex()).toBe(restored.pubkeyHex()); + }); + + it("parser tolerates leading/trailing whitespace + extra spaces", () => { + const phrase = generateMnemonic(24); + const messy = ` ${phrase.split(" ").join(" ")} `; + expect(bytesToHex(seedFromMnemonic(phrase))).toBe( + bytesToHex(seedFromMnemonic(messy)), + ); + }); +}); diff --git a/rust/Cargo.lock b/rust/Cargo.lock index 10c38e4..6b1c32c 100644 --- a/rust/Cargo.lock +++ b/rust/Cargo.lock @@ -76,6 +76,12 @@ version = "1.0.102" source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" checksum = "7f202df86484c868dbad7eaa557ef785d5c66295e41b460ef922eca0723b842c" +[[package]] +name = "arrayvec" +version = "0.7.6" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "7c02d123df017efcdfbd739ef81735b36c5ba83ec3c59c80a9d7ecc718f92e50" + [[package]] name = "assert-json-diff" version = "2.0.2" @@ -127,6 +133,28 @@ version = "0.9.1" source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" checksum = "d86b93f97252c47b41663388e6d155714a9d0c398b99f1005cbc5f978b29f445" +[[package]] +name = "bip39" +version = "2.2.2" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "90dbd31c98227229239363921e60fcf5e558e43ec69094d46fc4996f08d1d5bc" +dependencies = [ + "bitcoin_hashes", + "rand 0.8.6", + "rand_core 0.6.4", + "serde", + "unicode-normalization", +] + +[[package]] +name = "bitcoin_hashes" +version = "0.14.100" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "0c9901a56e133a1fc86eeb1113e2591f45f4682451ca893bff494d2f88918e3f" +dependencies = [ + "hex-conservative", +] + [[package]] name = "bitflags" version = "2.11.1" @@ -709,6 +737,15 @@ version = "0.4.3" source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70" +[[package]] +name = "hex-conservative" +version = "0.2.2" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "fda06d18ac606267c40c04e41b9947729bf8b9efe74bd4e82b61a5f26a510b9f" +dependencies = [ + "arrayvec", +] + [[package]] name = "hickory-net" version = "0.26.1" @@ -1164,6 +1201,7 @@ dependencies = [ "chrono", "clap", "dirs", + "hex", "kez-channels", "kez-core", "reqwest", @@ -1176,6 +1214,7 @@ version = "0.1.0" dependencies = [ "base64", "bech32", + "bip39", "chrono", "ed25519-dalek", "hex", @@ -2255,6 +2294,15 @@ version = "1.0.24" source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75" +[[package]] +name = "unicode-normalization" +version = "0.1.25" +source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" +checksum = "5fd4f6878c9cb28d874b009da9e8d183b5abc80117c40bbd187a1fde336be6e8" +dependencies = [ + "tinyvec", +] + [[package]] name = "unicode-xid" version = "0.2.6" diff --git a/rust/Cargo.toml b/rust/Cargo.toml index 5fbcb96..e261487 100644 --- a/rust/Cargo.toml +++ b/rust/Cargo.toml @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ anyhow = "1.0" async-trait = "0.1" base64 = "0.22" bech32 = "0.9" +bip39 = { version = "2.0", features = ["rand"] } chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] } clap = { version = "4.5", features = ["derive"] } ed25519-dalek = { version = "2.1", features = ["rand_core"] } diff --git a/rust/TUTORIAL.md b/rust/TUTORIAL.md index b193df8..b2cb1dc 100644 --- a/rust/TUTORIAL.md +++ b/rust/TUTORIAL.md @@ -84,21 +84,43 @@ kez identity new --key-type nostr # only if you want a NEW key If you'd rather start clean, generate a new Ed25519 key: ```sh -kez identity new --key-type ed25519 +kez identity new --key-type ed25519 # 24-word phrase (default) +kez identity new --key-type ed25519 --mnemonic-words 12 # 12-word phrase ``` -Output: +Output (24-word, the default): ``` Primary: ed25519:7a3b4c… -Public: 7a3b4c… (hex) -Secret: 9e3f51… (hex — 64 chars, KEEP SECRET) +Public: 7a3b4c… +Secret: 9e3f51… (32-byte seed) +Mnemonic (24 words): "abandon ability able about above absent academy accident…" ``` -> **Save the secret.** It's the only thing that can sign as this -> identity. There's no recovery flow — lose it and the identity is -> gone. Write it down offline, or paste it into a password manager. -> From here on this tutorial assumes you stored it. +You now have **two equivalent backups** — the hex seed *and* the 24-word +BIP-39 phrase. Either restores the same identity. Most people back up +the phrase (easier to write down, easier to verify by hand). + +> **12 vs 24.** 24 words is fully round-trippable: phrase ↔ seed are +> bijective. 12 words is shorter to memorize, but the seed is derived +> from the phrase one-way (KEZ-specific SHA-256 step), so you cannot +> derive a 12-word phrase from a hex seed. Pick whichever you'll +> actually remember to back up. + +You can also get just a phrase without a key, or restore from a phrase +you wrote down earlier: + +```sh +kez identity mnemonic # print a fresh 24-word phrase +kez identity mnemonic --words 12 # 12-word +kez identity from-mnemonic "abandon ability able …" # recover the key +``` + +> **Save the backup.** Seed *or* phrase — at least one. Lose them both +> and the identity is gone. There's no recovery flow. + +Throughout the rest of this tutorial you can substitute +`--mnemonic "your phrase here"` anywhere `--ed25519-seed ` appears. For the rest of this tutorial we'll use a nostr key for examples and write the secret as `nsec1FAKE...` — substitute your real one. diff --git a/rust/crates/kez-cli/Cargo.toml b/rust/crates/kez-cli/Cargo.toml index ff857bc..7f44684 100644 --- a/rust/crates/kez-cli/Cargo.toml +++ b/rust/crates/kez-cli/Cargo.toml @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ anyhow.workspace = true chrono.workspace = true clap.workspace = true dirs = "5" +hex.workspace = true kez-channels = { path = "../kez-channels" } kez-core = { path = "../kez-core" } reqwest.workspace = true diff --git a/rust/crates/kez-cli/src/main.rs b/rust/crates/kez-cli/src/main.rs index efd4ef4..6b5f46a 100644 --- a/rust/crates/kez-cli/src/main.rs +++ b/rust/crates/kez-cli/src/main.rs @@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ use clap::{Parser, Subcommand, ValueEnum}; use kez_channels::nostr as nostr_chan; use kez_channels::{ChannelHit, Registry, parse_proof}; use kez_core::{ - ClaimPayload, Ed25519Secret, Identity, NostrSecret, SignedClaim, Signer, Sigchain, - VerificationStatus, dns_txt_name, + ClaimPayload, Ed25519Secret, Identity, MnemonicWords, NostrSecret, SignedClaim, Signer, + Sigchain, VerificationStatus, dns_txt_name, generate_mnemonic, mnemonic_from_seed_24, + seed_from_mnemonic, }; use std::fs; use std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; @@ -47,6 +48,8 @@ enum SigchainCommand { nsec: Option, #[arg(long = "ed25519-seed", conflicts_with = "nsec")] ed25519_seed: Option, + #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "ed25519_seed"])] + mnemonic: Option, #[arg(long)] proof_url: Option, }, @@ -57,6 +60,8 @@ enum SigchainCommand { nsec: Option, #[arg(long = "ed25519-seed", conflicts_with = "nsec")] ed25519_seed: Option, + #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "ed25519_seed"])] + mnemonic: Option, }, /// Print the chain (events one per line, plus a summary). Show { @@ -67,6 +72,8 @@ enum SigchainCommand { nsec: Option, #[arg(long = "ed25519-seed", conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "primary"])] ed25519_seed: Option, + #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "ed25519_seed", "primary"])] + mnemonic: Option, }, /// Export the chain in a portable format. Export { @@ -76,6 +83,8 @@ enum SigchainCommand { nsec: Option, #[arg(long = "ed25519-seed", conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "primary"])] ed25519_seed: Option, + #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "ed25519_seed", "primary"])] + mnemonic: Option, #[arg(long, value_enum, default_value_t = ExportFormat::Jsonl)] format: ExportFormat, #[arg(long)] @@ -89,6 +98,8 @@ enum SigchainCommand { nsec: Option, #[arg(long = "ed25519-seed", conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "primary"])] ed25519_seed: Option, + #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "ed25519_seed", "primary"])] + mnemonic: Option, /// POST every event to a kez-sig-server at this URL. #[arg(long)] server: Option, @@ -117,9 +128,31 @@ enum ExportFormat { #[derive(Debug, Subcommand)] enum IdentityCommand { + /// Generate a new primary key. Defaults to nostr; pass --key-type + /// ed25519 for an Ed25519 key. For Ed25519, a 24-word BIP-39 phrase + /// is also printed (it's an equivalent representation of the seed). + /// Use --mnemonic-words 12 to generate from a 12-word phrase instead. New { #[arg(long, value_enum, default_value_t = KeyType::Nostr)] key_type: KeyType, + /// 12 or 24. Only valid with --key-type ed25519. If unset, a + /// 24-word phrase is shown alongside the hex seed for Ed25519. + #[arg(long = "mnemonic-words")] + mnemonic_words: Option, + }, + /// Print a fresh BIP-39 mnemonic phrase without deriving a key. + /// Useful for offline backup workflows. + Mnemonic { + /// 12 or 24. Default 24. + #[arg(long, default_value_t = 24)] + words: u8, + }, + /// Derive and print the Ed25519 primary key from an existing + /// BIP-39 phrase (12 or 24 words, auto-detected). + FromMnemonic { + /// The phrase, quoted. Words separated by spaces. Case- and + /// whitespace-tolerant. + phrase: String, }, } @@ -137,6 +170,8 @@ enum ClaimCommand { nsec: Option, #[arg(long = "ed25519-seed", conflicts_with = "nsec")] ed25519_seed: Option, + #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "ed25519_seed"])] + mnemonic: Option, #[arg(long, value_enum, default_value_t = OutputFormat::Json)] format: OutputFormat, #[arg(long)] @@ -148,6 +183,8 @@ enum ClaimCommand { nsec: Option, #[arg(long = "ed25519-seed", conflicts_with = "nsec")] ed25519_seed: Option, + #[arg(long, conflicts_with_all = ["nsec", "ed25519_seed"])] + mnemonic: Option, }, } @@ -172,21 +209,33 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> { match cli.command { Command::Identity { command } => match command { - IdentityCommand::New { key_type } => identity_new(key_type), + IdentityCommand::New { key_type, mnemonic_words } => { + identity_new(key_type, mnemonic_words) + } + IdentityCommand::Mnemonic { words } => identity_mnemonic(words), + IdentityCommand::FromMnemonic { phrase } => identity_from_mnemonic(&phrase), }, Command::Claim { command } => match command { ClaimCommand::Create { subject, nsec, ed25519_seed, + mnemonic, format, out, - } => claim_create(subject, nsec, ed25519_seed, format, out), + } => { + let ed25519_seed = resolve_seed(ed25519_seed, mnemonic)?; + claim_create(subject, nsec, ed25519_seed, format, out) + } ClaimCommand::Dns { domain, nsec, ed25519_seed, - } => claim_dns(domain, nsec, ed25519_seed), + mnemonic, + } => { + let ed25519_seed = resolve_seed(ed25519_seed, mnemonic)?; + claim_dns(domain, nsec, ed25519_seed) + } }, Command::Verify { command } => match command { VerifyCommand::File { path } => verify_file(path), @@ -196,59 +245,90 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> { } } +/// If the caller passed `--mnemonic `, derive the Ed25519 seed +/// from it and return as hex. Otherwise return the `--ed25519-seed` +/// passthrough unchanged. Clap conflicts_with ensures both can't be +/// set at once. +fn resolve_seed( + ed25519_seed: Option, + mnemonic: Option, +) -> Result> { + match (ed25519_seed, mnemonic) { + (Some(s), None) => Ok(Some(s)), + (None, Some(phrase)) => { + let seed = seed_from_mnemonic(&phrase) + .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("invalid mnemonic: {e}"))?; + Ok(Some(hex::encode(seed))) + } + (None, None) => Ok(None), + (Some(_), Some(_)) => unreachable!("clap conflicts_with"), + } +} + async fn sigchain_dispatch(cmd: SigchainCommand) -> Result<()> { match cmd { SigchainCommand::Add { subject, nsec, ed25519_seed, + mnemonic, proof_url, - } => sigchain_add(subject, nsec, ed25519_seed, proof_url), + } => { + let ed25519_seed = resolve_seed(ed25519_seed, mnemonic)?; + sigchain_add(subject, nsec, ed25519_seed, proof_url) + } SigchainCommand::Revoke { subject, nsec, ed25519_seed, - } => sigchain_revoke(subject, nsec, ed25519_seed), + mnemonic, + } => { + let ed25519_seed = resolve_seed(ed25519_seed, mnemonic)?; + sigchain_revoke(subject, nsec, ed25519_seed) + } SigchainCommand::Show { primary, nsec, ed25519_seed, - } => sigchain_show(primary, nsec, ed25519_seed), + mnemonic, + } => { + let ed25519_seed = resolve_seed(ed25519_seed, mnemonic)?; + sigchain_show(primary, nsec, ed25519_seed) + } SigchainCommand::Export { primary, nsec, ed25519_seed, + mnemonic, format, out, - } => sigchain_export(primary, nsec, ed25519_seed, format, out), + } => { + let ed25519_seed = resolve_seed(ed25519_seed, mnemonic)?; + sigchain_export(primary, nsec, ed25519_seed, format, out) + } SigchainCommand::Publish { primary, nsec, ed25519_seed, + mnemonic, server, web, out, dns, nostr, } => { - sigchain_publish( - primary, - nsec, - ed25519_seed, - server, - web, - out, - dns, - nostr, - ) - .await + let ed25519_seed = resolve_seed(ed25519_seed, mnemonic)?; + sigchain_publish(primary, nsec, ed25519_seed, server, web, out, dns, nostr).await } } } -fn identity_new(key_type: KeyType) -> Result<()> { - match key_type { - KeyType::Nostr => { +fn identity_new(key_type: KeyType, mnemonic_words: Option) -> Result<()> { + match (key_type, mnemonic_words) { + (KeyType::Nostr, Some(_)) => { + bail!("--mnemonic-words is only valid with --key-type ed25519"); + } + (KeyType::Nostr, None) => { let secret = NostrSecret::generate(); println!("Primary: nostr:{}", secret.npub()); println!("Public: {}", secret.npub()); @@ -258,16 +338,58 @@ fn identity_new(key_type: KeyType) -> Result<()> { "Store the secret somewhere safe. Anyone with the nsec can sign as this identity." ); } - KeyType::Ed25519 => { - let secret = Ed25519Secret::generate(); + (KeyType::Ed25519, words_opt) => { + // Default is 24 — the canonical bijective form (entropy IS seed). + let words = MnemonicWords::from_count(words_opt.unwrap_or(24) as usize) + .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?; + let (secret, phrase) = Ed25519Secret::generate_with_mnemonic(words) + .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?; let id = secret.identity()?; println!("Primary: {id}"); println!("Public: {}", secret.pubkey_hex()); println!("Secret: {} (32-byte seed)", secret.seed_hex()); + println!("Mnemonic ({} words): \"{}\"", words.count(), phrase); println!(); - println!( - "Store the secret somewhere safe. Anyone with the seed can sign as this identity." - ); + match words { + MnemonicWords::TwentyFour => println!( + "The 24-word phrase and the hex seed are equivalent backups —\n\ + either restores this identity. Store at least one safely." + ), + MnemonicWords::Twelve => println!( + "The 12-word phrase is the canonical backup. The hex seed is\n\ + derived from it (one-way) — you can't reconstruct the phrase\n\ + from the seed. Store the phrase safely." + ), + } + } + } + Ok(()) +} + +fn identity_mnemonic(words: u8) -> Result<()> { + let w = MnemonicWords::from_count(words as usize).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?; + let phrase = generate_mnemonic(w).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?; + println!("{phrase}"); + Ok(()) +} + +fn identity_from_mnemonic(phrase: &str) -> Result<()> { + let secret = Ed25519Secret::from_mnemonic(phrase).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?; + let id = secret.identity()?; + let word_count = phrase.split_whitespace().count(); + println!("Primary: {id}"); + println!("Public: {}", secret.pubkey_hex()); + println!("Secret: {} (32-byte seed)", secret.seed_hex()); + println!("Mnemonic ({} words): \"{}\"", word_count, phrase.trim()); + if word_count == 24 { + // For 24-word, verify it round-trips so the user knows it's canonical. + let mut seed_bytes = [0u8; 32]; + seed_bytes.copy_from_slice(&hex::decode(secret.seed_hex())?); + let derived = mnemonic_from_seed_24(&seed_bytes).map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("{e}"))?; + if derived.trim() != phrase.trim() { + // Words were correct (parse succeeded) but their reordering differs + // — shouldn't happen, but worth flagging if it ever does. + println!("(note: canonical form is \"{}\")", derived); } } Ok(()) diff --git a/rust/crates/kez-core/Cargo.toml b/rust/crates/kez-core/Cargo.toml index 284a636..26ab716 100644 --- a/rust/crates/kez-core/Cargo.toml +++ b/rust/crates/kez-core/Cargo.toml @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ edition.workspace = true [dependencies] base64.workspace = true bech32.workspace = true +bip39.workspace = true chrono.workspace = true ed25519-dalek.workspace = true hex.workspace = true diff --git a/rust/crates/kez-core/src/lib.rs b/rust/crates/kez-core/src/lib.rs index c9ca132..77b6d5a 100644 --- a/rust/crates/kez-core/src/lib.rs +++ b/rust/crates/kez-core/src/lib.rs @@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ use sha2::{Digest, Sha256}; use std::fmt; use std::str::FromStr; +pub mod mnemonic; +pub use mnemonic::{ + MnemonicWords, generate_mnemonic, mnemonic_from_seed_24, seed_from_mnemonic, +}; + pub const CLAIM_TYPE: &str = "kez.claim"; pub const SIGCHAIN_EVENT_TYPE: &str = "kez.sigchain.event"; pub const FORMAT_VERSION: u8 = 1; diff --git a/rust/crates/kez-core/src/mnemonic.rs b/rust/crates/kez-core/src/mnemonic.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a83532 --- /dev/null +++ b/rust/crates/kez-core/src/mnemonic.rs @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ +//! BIP-39 mnemonic phrases for Ed25519 primary keys. +//! +//! Two word counts are supported, with different semantics: +//! +//! - **24 words** ↔ **32 bytes of entropy** ↔ **Ed25519 seed**. +//! Round-trips perfectly. The entropy *is* the seed. You can recover +//! the phrase from the seed and vice versa. +//! +//! - **12 words** → **16 bytes of entropy** → **Ed25519 seed**, via +//! `SHA-256("kez-bip39-12-v1" || entropy)`. The phrase is the +//! canonical secret; the seed is derived from it deterministically. +//! You **cannot** recover a 12-word phrase from a seed (the +//! derivation is one-way). KEZ-specific; not interoperable with +//! hardware wallet derivations. +//! +//! Wordlist: BIP-39 English. Same wordlist every other crypto wallet +//! uses, so users can store a KEZ phrase in the same offline-paper / +//! steel-plate setup they already use. +//! +//! NB: We deliberately do *not* use BIP-39's `to_seed(passphrase)` +//! function. That produces a 64-byte seed via PBKDF2, intended to feed +//! into BIP-32 hierarchical derivation. KEZ has one identity per phrase, +//! no derivation tree, so taking the entropy directly (or hashing it +//! once for 12-word phrases) is the right primitive. + +use bip39::{Language, Mnemonic}; +use sha2::{Digest, Sha256}; +use std::str::FromStr; + +use crate::{Ed25519Secret, KezError, Result}; + +/// Domain separator for the 12-word → seed derivation. Bumping this +/// would break every existing 12-word KEZ identity, so don't. +const DOMAIN_TAG_12: &[u8] = b"kez-bip39-12-v1"; + +/// Supported mnemonic lengths. +#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] +pub enum MnemonicWords { + Twelve, + TwentyFour, +} + +impl MnemonicWords { + pub fn count(self) -> usize { + match self { + Self::Twelve => 12, + Self::TwentyFour => 24, + } + } + /// Entropy length in bytes. + pub fn entropy_bytes(self) -> usize { + match self { + Self::Twelve => 16, + Self::TwentyFour => 32, + } + } + pub fn from_count(n: usize) -> Result { + match n { + 12 => Ok(Self::Twelve), + 24 => Ok(Self::TwentyFour), + other => Err(KezError::InvalidIdentity(format!( + "mnemonic word count must be 12 or 24, got {other}" + ))), + } + } +} + +/// Generate a fresh BIP-39 mnemonic of the requested length, using OS +/// randomness. The returned phrase is a space-separated lowercase string +/// from the BIP-39 English wordlist. +pub fn generate_mnemonic(words: MnemonicWords) -> Result { + let m = Mnemonic::generate(words.count()) + .map_err(|e| KezError::InvalidIdentity(format!("bip39 generate: {e}")))?; + Ok(m.to_string()) +} + +/// Decode a mnemonic phrase to a 32-byte Ed25519 seed. Accepts both +/// 12-word and 24-word phrases (auto-detected from length). For +/// 24-word, the entropy *is* the seed; for 12-word, the seed is +/// `SHA-256(DOMAIN_TAG_12 || entropy)` (see module docs). +pub fn seed_from_mnemonic(phrase: &str) -> Result<[u8; 32]> { + let m = Mnemonic::parse_in_normalized(Language::English, phrase.trim()) + .map_err(|e| KezError::InvalidIdentity(format!("invalid mnemonic: {e}")))?; + let entropy = m.to_entropy(); + match entropy.len() { + 32 => { + // 24-word: entropy is the seed directly. + let mut seed = [0u8; 32]; + seed.copy_from_slice(&entropy); + Ok(seed) + } + 16 => { + // 12-word: domain-tagged hash. + let mut h = Sha256::new(); + h.update(DOMAIN_TAG_12); + h.update(&entropy); + Ok(h.finalize().into()) + } + other => Err(KezError::InvalidIdentity(format!( + "mnemonic must decode to 16 or 32 bytes of entropy, got {other}" + ))), + } +} + +/// Derive the 24-word phrase that corresponds to this seed. This is the +/// inverse of `seed_from_mnemonic` *for the 24-word case only*. There +/// is no inverse for the 12-word case (hashing is one-way) — this +/// function always produces 24 words. +pub fn mnemonic_from_seed_24(seed: &[u8; 32]) -> Result { + let m = Mnemonic::from_entropy(seed) + .map_err(|e| KezError::InvalidIdentity(format!("bip39 from_entropy: {e}")))?; + Ok(m.to_string()) +} + +impl Ed25519Secret { + /// Construct from a BIP-39 phrase (12 or 24 words). + pub fn from_mnemonic(phrase: &str) -> Result { + let seed = seed_from_mnemonic(phrase)?; + Self::from_seed_hex(&hex::encode(seed)) + } + + /// Generate a fresh Ed25519 identity *and* return the BIP-39 phrase + /// that derives it. Always succeeds; the phrase is the canonical + /// human-friendly backup form. + pub fn generate_with_mnemonic(words: MnemonicWords) -> Result<(Self, String)> { + let phrase = generate_mnemonic(words)?; + let secret = Self::from_mnemonic(&phrase)?; + Ok((secret, phrase)) + } +} + +#[cfg(test)] +mod tests { + use super::*; + + #[test] + fn generate_24_round_trips() { + let phrase = generate_mnemonic(MnemonicWords::TwentyFour).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(phrase.split_whitespace().count(), 24); + let seed = seed_from_mnemonic(&phrase).unwrap(); + let phrase2 = mnemonic_from_seed_24(&seed).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(phrase, phrase2, "24-word phrase must round-trip"); + } + + #[test] + fn generate_12_is_deterministic() { + let phrase = generate_mnemonic(MnemonicWords::Twelve).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(phrase.split_whitespace().count(), 12); + let s1 = seed_from_mnemonic(&phrase).unwrap(); + let s2 = seed_from_mnemonic(&phrase).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(s1, s2, "same phrase must give the same seed"); + } + + #[test] + fn mnemonic_from_seed_24_is_inverse() { + // Random seed → 24 words → back to same seed. + let seed = [42u8; 32]; + let phrase = mnemonic_from_seed_24(&seed).unwrap(); + let recovered = seed_from_mnemonic(&phrase).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(seed, recovered); + } + + #[test] + fn invalid_phrase_errors_cleanly() { + assert!(seed_from_mnemonic("not actually words").is_err()); + // Wrong checksum. + assert!( + seed_from_mnemonic( + "abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon abandon" + ) + .is_err() + ); + } + + #[test] + fn twelve_and_24_phrases_give_different_seeds() { + // Sanity: 12-word entropy left-padded to 32 would equal 16 + // bytes of zeros + entropy. We DON'T do that — we hash. So + // two phrases with overlapping entropy must not collide. + let m12 = Mnemonic::from_entropy(&[7u8; 16]).unwrap(); + let m24 = Mnemonic::from_entropy(&[7u8; 32]).unwrap(); + let s12 = seed_from_mnemonic(&m12.to_string()).unwrap(); + let s24 = seed_from_mnemonic(&m24.to_string()).unwrap(); + assert_ne!(s12, s24); + } + + #[test] + fn from_mnemonic_matches_direct_seed_construction() { + // 24-word case: Ed25519Secret::from_mnemonic must produce the + // same key as Ed25519Secret::from_seed_hex(entropy). + let phrase = mnemonic_from_seed_24(&[1u8; 32]).unwrap(); + let from_mnemonic = Ed25519Secret::from_mnemonic(&phrase).unwrap(); + let from_hex = Ed25519Secret::from_seed_hex(&hex::encode([1u8; 32])).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(from_mnemonic.pubkey_hex(), from_hex.pubkey_hex()); + } + + #[test] + fn generate_with_mnemonic_pair_is_consistent() { + let (secret, phrase) = Ed25519Secret::generate_with_mnemonic(MnemonicWords::TwentyFour) + .unwrap(); + let restored = Ed25519Secret::from_mnemonic(&phrase).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(secret.pubkey_hex(), restored.pubkey_hex()); + } + + #[test] + fn parser_accepts_leading_trailing_whitespace() { + let phrase = generate_mnemonic(MnemonicWords::TwentyFour).unwrap(); + let padded = format!(" {phrase} "); + assert_eq!( + seed_from_mnemonic(&phrase).unwrap(), + seed_from_mnemonic(&padded).unwrap() + ); + } + + #[test] + fn mnemonic_words_count_round_trip() { + assert_eq!(MnemonicWords::Twelve.count(), 12); + assert_eq!(MnemonicWords::TwentyFour.count(), 24); + assert_eq!(MnemonicWords::from_count(12).unwrap(), MnemonicWords::Twelve); + assert_eq!( + MnemonicWords::from_count(24).unwrap(), + MnemonicWords::TwentyFour + ); + assert!(MnemonicWords::from_count(18).is_err()); + } +} + +// Catches inverse with hint for FromStr users. +impl std::str::FromStr for MnemonicWords { + type Err = KezError; + fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result { + Self::from_count( + s.parse::() + .map_err(|_| KezError::InvalidIdentity(format!("not a number: {s}")))?, + ) + } +}